Leningrad

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He cnyqaftno fleTepum ingtad <í>OTO$nodhi Eu&tiuu Kacama a Hufio/im PaxMHaoa Áft pitotrígrufiky bt/ Ytpgitmij Kasain and Nikolai Rakhtnanos St Petersburg Petrograd-Leningrád. A city with a brilliant and incomparable destiny. The chief íandmarks of its pasi have gone down in the history of the state. Gfty of three revol utions, cradle of the Great October Social. ist Revolútion, awarded the title of Hero-City, it p;reserves the memories of the great events. Leningrád today is. after Moscow, the most important industrial. scientific and cuitural centre in the USSR. St. Petersburg was founded in 1703 where the Neva flowS into the Baltic Sea. The birth of t&ec% was a historicai bor' deriine between the Russian Middle Ages and the New Era. The most advanced outpost of Russia on the western írontiers and the fitaih port on the Baltié, it trtilv a "window into Europe". The Russian Navy, the Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Arts, the first museums and the first theatres were all built on the banks of the Neva, and it was Ihere, too, that Russian industry was; developed. For two centuries, St. Petersburg was the capital of Russia and the focus of the country's political, scientific and cuitural life. Emínent scientists, sehol ars, wri ters, composers and artists lived there. It is inseverably associated with the names of Lomonosov, Mendeleyev, Pushkin, Gogol, Nekrasov, Dostoyevsfey, Gorky, G'linka, Mussorgsky, Bryullov and Repin.is The city on the Neva was the first to be built in Russia according to single plan and is one yorlil's finest achievements in town planning. The majestic ensembles and monumental structures were created from the designs övpr - rieTporpaA craji raaBHoA apeHOft ocBOÖOAHTejibMOft öopbőbi Tpex noKpJieHHű pyccKHx peBOJHounoiiepoB. 3ACCb sapojuuHCb AeKaöpHCTCKne oömecTBa h ripouaoui.io BocCTatrae AeKaöpHCTOB. 3Aecb coBepuja.au Őe33aBeTHbie noabmth repoH «hap0ah0h bojim». B 1905 roAy na a ropoAOM B3BHJIOCb 3H3MH liepBOH pyCCKOH peBOJlIOUHH, a b AKH pa.^bCKOH peBo^nouHH 1917 roAa őbuio cBeprHVTO caMOAepwaaHe. ripo.ieTapcKHH ÜHTep - ueirrp peBO.'uouHoimoH AeaTfcflbhocth B. H. JleHHHa. floA ero pyKOBOACTBOM b rierporpaAe CBepuiHJiacb BejiHKaa OKT»6pbCKan couHajiHCTHiecKan peBo.Tiou.Ha fi Őbuia ycraHOBJieHa CoBeTCKaa BJiacTb. C 1924 roAa ropoA hocíit hmh JleHHHa. BeccMepTeH doabhr JleHHHrpaAa b toam BenMKoA OrewecrBeHHOfi BOHHbl. LleHOH OrpOMHblX /KepTB BbICTOHJIH JieHHHrpaAUfai 900-AHeBHvio őjioKaAy. 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Thomas de Thomon, Rossi and Montferrand. , The beautiful outer aspect- of the northern capital was a faiadé behind which were hidden sharp social conirasts and profound contradictions. It is no accident that St. Petersburg- Petrograd became the main aréna for the über a tion struggle of three generations of Russian revolutionaries. It was there that secret societies were förmed and ít was there that the Decembrist uprising of 1825 took place. And it was in St. Petersburg that devoted acts of neroism were accomplished by the members o! "The People's Will" Organization. In 19Ö5, the banner of the first Russian revolution fluttered over the city, and during the Februarv revol útion of 1917 the autocracy was overthrown once and for all. The city was the centre of Leijin's revolutionarv activities. Under his leadership in Petrograd the Great October Social ist Revolution took place and Soviet power was established. Since 1924, the city has borne the nameof Lenin. Leningrad's heroism in the years of the Great Patriotic War was truly irumortal. At the cost of enormous lossés, the people of the city held out in a blockade that lasted for nine hundred days. Every inch of ground there is a reminder of that harsh and heroic time. Nowadays Leningrád is a city of mammoth industrial enterprises, lead ing scientific establishments, famous museums and theatres. The grandiose scale of the construction projects is one of its main distinguishing features. Girt by a ring of new building sites, the city is spreading its limits further outwards, advancing on a wide front towards the sea coast. Its historic centre is a vast open-air museum with the majestic, full-flowing Neva confined in gránité, with the solemn ensembles of the squares. with the cp$y gardens and qulet embankments of small rivers and cánals over which hang the motionless silhouettes of the bridges. Spread out over forty-four islands, this city is beautiful at all times of year. And especially during the magic time of the White Nights. Vissza